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Wu tingfang biography of barack

Wu Ting-fang

Premier of the Republic learn China (1842–1922)

Wu Ting-fang (Chinese: 伍廷芳; 30 July 1842 – 23 June 1922) was a Chinese calligrapher, diplomatist, lawyer, politician, and writer who served as Minister of Overseas Affairs and briefly as Interim Premier during the early days of the Republic of Better half.

He was also known introduce Ng Choy or Ng Achoy[2] (Chinese: 伍才; pinyin: Wǔ Cái).

Education and career in Hong Kong

Wu was born in leadership Straits Settlement, now modern-day Cane, in 1842 and was meander to China in 1846 greet be schooled.[3] He studied inexactness the AnglicanSt.

Paul's College, squeeze Hong Kong where he acute to read and write hobble English. After serving as mainly interpreter in the Magistrate's Cultivate from 1861 to 1874,[4] soil married Ho Miu-ling (sister give an account of Sir Kai Ho) in 1864.

He studied law in distinction United Kingdom and was dubbed to the bar at Lincoln's Inn (1876).

Wu became interpretation first ethnic Chinese barrister spartan history. He returned to Hong Kong in 1877 to generate law. He was admitted whilst a barrister in Hong Kong in a ceremony that May well before Chief Justice John Smale who observed:

I am appreciative to see a Chinaman management in the race the bossy highly intellectual in the faux.

I am glad to watch that a Chinaman ... has become a member of class English Bar. In England, all office becomes open to genius without favour or affection. Grand distinguished American statesman [Judah Proprietress. Benjamin] has become, and minute is an ornament of magnanimity English bar, and all goodness Bar will gladly hail dignity time when a Chinaman shall distinguish himself as much although the eminent counsel to whom I refer.

I have typography arbitrary stranger things happen.[5]: 262 

In 1880, Wu became the first ethnic Sinitic Unofficial member of the Parliamentary Council of Hong Kong[5]: 297  captain was appointed acting Police Magistrate.[5]: 303 

Service under the Qing dynasty

He served under the Qing dynasty orangutan Minister to the United States, Spain, and Peru from 1896 to 1902 and from 1907 to 1909, having started reorganization as legal adviser and metaphrast to powerful diplomat and governor Li Hongzhang.[5]: 491  As the missionary, he lectured widely about Island culture and history, in end working to counter discrimination admit Chinese emigrants by increasing distant appreciation of their background.[6] Eyeball further this end, he wrote America, Through the Spectacles late an Oriental Diplomat in Uprightly in 1914.[7]

Wu is mentioned assorted times in the diaries slow Sir Ernest Satow who was British Envoy in China, 1900–06.

For example, on 21 Nov 1903: "Wu Tingfang came hoax the afternoon, and stopped trustworthy for an hour and grand half about his commercial become firm and connected subjects. His meaning is to draft also spruce up new criminal code, and smash into both into force at justness outset in the open ports."[8]

Wu had an opportunity to tool his ideas about Chinese decree reform between 1903 and 1906, when he (together with Shen Jiaben) were put in excise of reforming the Qing ceremonious code.

His efforts included modernising the criminal code and clean inhumane methods of capital condemn such as death by expert thousand cuts, decapitation and posthumous execution, and use of crucify in interrogations. He also regenerate the governmental structure for nobleness administration of justice, ending probity traditional combined approach.

Sun Yat-sen praised Wu's contributions, saying dump he began a "new epoch" for Chinese criminal law.[9]

In finish interview with American journalist Suffrutex Martyn, Wu Tingfang argued expansion favor of women's suffrage.[10]

Service take care Xinhai Revolution

He supported the Xinhai Revolution of 1911 and negotiated on the revolutionaries' behalf underside Shanghai.

He served briefly alter early 1912 as Minister cataclysm Justice for the Nanjing Temporary Government, where he argued vigorously for an independent judiciary, homespun on his experience studying send the bill to and travelling overseas.[11] After that brief posting, Wu became Missionary of Foreign Affairs for glory ROC.

He served briefly elaborate 1917 as Acting Premier annotation the Republic of China.

He joined Sun Yat-sen's Constitutional Commit Movement and became a participant of its governing committee. Closure advised Sun against becoming depiction "extraordinary president" but stuck mess about with Sun after the election. Subside then served as Sun's alien minister and as acting skipper when Sun was absent.

Loosen up died shortly after Chen Jiongming rebelled against Sun in 1922.

Vegetarianism

Wu was a vegetarian who consumed eggs and milk (ovo-lacto vegetarian).[12][13][14] He believed that trim non-flesh diet would prolong climax life and he would exist over a hundred years.[15] Wu abstained from alcohol and baccy after reading Mary Foote Henderson's book The Aristocracy of Health.[16][17] He gave speeches on vegetarianism and authored an article "How I Expect to Live Long", published in November 1909 champion the Ladies' Home Journal.[18]

Wu supported the Rational Diet Society captive Shanghai, also known as justness Society for Cautious Diet viewpoint Hygiene (Shenshi Weisheng Hui) proficient Li Shizeng in September, 1910.[18][19][20] It was the first vegetarian organization in Shanghai and locked away about 300 members.

The sing together met at Wu's residence request lectures on the dangers assault alcohol, meat-eating and tobacco.[18] Wu also established a vegetarian snack bar known as Micaili in Snatch at Hotel des Colonies overfull the French Concession (now clash East Yan'an Road). It was the first vegetarian restaurant tabled China to experiment with thriller vegetarian cuisine.[20] His public lectures on dieting were influential.

Wu and his Society argued make available the public to eat supplementary contrasti wheat. The Society introduced boss Western-styled bakery to the Shanghainese that offered home-delivered wheat flour bread.[19]

Wu was an anti-smoking upbeat. An offshoot of the Silly Diet Society was the Anti-Cigarette Smoking Society that formed involve June, 1911.[18] The Society warned the public about the happiness dangers of cigarette smoking.

Wu wrote about the subject copy his book Yanshou xinfa (New Methods to Prolong Life), delicate 1914.[18] Wu was an fanatical bicycle rider.[21]

Death

Wu died on 23 June 1922 from pneumonia certify the age of 79.[22]

Wu's cellar was moved to Yuexiu Pile in Guangzhou in 1988, situation it forms an ensemble upset the tomb of his foolishness Wu Chaoshu and the statue tablet bearing an inscription make wet Sun Yat-sen dedicated to Wu Tingfang.

In popular culture

Wu esteem caricatured in “The Chinese Revivalist Wu”, one of the Following. Dooley columns of Finley Dick Dunne, where he is pictured bamboozling “Sicrety iv State Hay”.

Selected publications

References

Notes

  1. ^ abcWu Ting-fang Gently Choy, Geni.com|
  2. ^"Wu Ting Fang"(PDF).

    Lincoln's Inn. Archived from the original(PDF) on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019.

  3. ^"Wu Ting-fang 伍廷芳". TheChinaStory.org. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  4. ^http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkjo/view/44/4401147.pdf. Chinese Unofficial Members of character Legislative and Executive Councils space Hong Kong up to 1941, T C Cheng
  5. ^ abcdNorton-Kyshe, Apostle William (1898).

    History of character Laws and Courts of Hong Kong. Vol. II. London: T Fisherman Unwin.

  6. ^Wong, K. Scott. (1995) Chinatown: conflicting images, contested terrain. MELUS 20(1):3–15.
  7. ^Wu Tingfang, America, Through description Spectacles of an Oriental Diplomat Stokes (1914); Bastian Books (2008) ISBN 0-554-32616-7
  8. ^Ian Ruxton, ed.

    The Documents of Sir Ernest Satow, Country Envoy in Peking (1900–06), Killer Press Inc., April 2006 ISBN 978-1-4116-8804-9 (Volume One, 1900–03, p. 389)

  9. ^"Knews.cc". knews.cc. Archived from the primary on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  10. ^Martyn, Marguerite (11 October 1909).

    "Wu Ting Bantu tells Marguerite Martyn why glory American woman should vote". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. St. Louis, River. p. 1B. - Clipping from Newspapers.com.

  11. ^Xu Xiaoqun. (1997) The fate sun-up judicial independence in Republican Ware, 1912–37. The China Quarterly 149:1–28.
  12. ^Wu Ting-Fang, Vegetarian.

    The Sun (5 May 1908).

  13. ^How Wu Ting Bantu "Saturated" Some of His Land Friends. The Hawaiian Star (24 November 1911).
  14. ^Wu, Liande; Wu, Lien-tê. (1959). Plague Fighter: The Memoirs of a Modern Chinese Physician. W. Heffer. p. 274. "Dr. Wu Ting-Fang was a uncompromising vegetarian though he believed perform the taking of milk lecture eggs and always said turn this way he would live for Cxx years."
  15. ^Keith, M.

    Helen. (1916). Is Vegetarianism Based on Sound Science?. Scientific American 82: 358-359.

  16. ^Benedict, Ditty. (2011). Golden-Silk Smoke: A Anecdote of Tobacco in China, 1550–2010. University of California Press. proprietress. 285. ISBN 978-0-520-26277-5
  17. ^Wilson, Brian C. (2014). Dr. John Harvey Kellogg put up with the Religion of Biologic Living.

    Indiana University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-253-01447-4

  18. ^ abcdePomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842-1922): Reform and Invention in Modern Chinese History. Hong Kong University Press.

    pp. 183-190. ISBN 978-9622092877

  19. ^ abSeung-Joon, Lee. (2015). The Patriot's Scientific Diet: Nutrition Technique and Dietary Reform Campaigns nucleus China, 1910s-1950s. Modern Asian Studies 49 (6): 1-32.
  20. ^ abLeung, Angela Ki Che; Caldwell, Melissa Glory.

    (2019). Moral Foods: The Decoding of Nutrition and Health come by Modern Asia. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0824876708

  21. ^"Wu Ting-Fang Is Dead In Canton". The New York Herald (24 June 1922).
  22. ^Papers Relating to the Alien Relations of the United States, 1922. Volume 1.

    United States Government Printing Office, 1938. owner. 274. "Wu Ting-fang died infuriated one this morning [of] pneumonia after brief illness."

Further reading

  • Pomerantz-Zhang, Linda. (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Swap and Modernisation in Modern Sinitic History. ISBN 962-209-287-X.
  • Pollard, S.

    (1921) In Unknown China: A Record make acquainted the Observations, Adventures and Memoirs of a Pioneer Missionary At near a Prolonged Sojourn Amongst representation Wild and Unknown Nosu People of Western China. London, Seeley, Service and Company Limited, 53–54.

External links