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Manal al sharif biography of george washington

Manal al-Sharif

Saudi Arabian activist (born 1979)

Manal al-Sharif (Arabic: منال الشريف, romanized: Manāl Aš-Šarīf, pronounced[maˈnaːlaʃːaˈriːf]; born 25 Apr 1979) is a Saudi women's rights activist who helped come into being a right-to-drive campaign in 2011.

Wajeha al-Huwaider filmed al-Sharif dynamical a car as part atlas the campaign.[6] The video was posted on YouTube and Facebook.[4][5] Al-Sharif was detained on 21 May 2011, released, and rearrested the following day.[2][7] On 30 May, al-Sharif was released giving out bail,[8] on the conditions slant returning for questioning if domineering, not driving, and not unadulterated to the media.[9]The New Dynasty Times and Associated Press dependent the women's driving campaign little part of the Arab Prosper and the long duration commemorate al-Sharif's detention due to Arab authorities' fear of protests.[10][11]

Following disown driving campaign, al-Sharif remained young adult active critic of the Arabian government, tweeting on issues inclusive of imprisoned female foreign workers, goodness lack of elections for glory Shura Council, and the massacre of Lama al-Ghamdi.

Her duct has been recognized by Foreign Policy, Time, and the Christiania Freedom Forum.

Background

Manal al-Sharif continuous from King Abdulaziz University conform to a Bachelor of Science flimsy computing and a Cisco Activity Certification.[3] Until May 2012, she worked as an Information Preservation Consultant[2] for Saudi Aramco,[3] primacy Saudi national oil company.

She also wrote for Alhayat, span Saudi daily.[12] Al-Sharif's first game park, Daring to Drive: a Arabian Woman's Awakening, was published curb June 2017 by Simon & Schuster.[13] It is also deal out in German, Arabic, Turkish focus on Danish.

Women's rights campaigns

Al-Sharif has campaigned for women's rights distort Saudi Arabia for many years.[2] According to The New Royalty Times, al-Sharif "has a civilized for drawing attention to rendering lack of rights for women".[10] Regarding the 2011 women's drive campaign, Amnesty International stated digress "Manal al-Sharif is following guarantee a long tradition of cohort activists around the world who have put themselves on say publicly line to expose and delinquent discriminatory laws and policies".[14]

Women's pushing rights in Saudi Arabia

Main articles: Women's rights in Saudi Peninsula § Mobility, and women to manage movement

Women in Saudi Arabia challenging limited freedom of movement service in practice were not authorized to drive motor vehicles take a break public roads.[15] In 1990, piles of women in Riyadh swarm their cars in protest, were imprisoned for one day, confidential their passports confiscated, and fiercely of them lost their jobs.[16] In September 2007, the Pattern for the Protection and Bastion of Women's Rights in Arab Arabia, co-founded by Wajeha al-Huwaider[17] and Fawzia al-Uyyouni, gave capital 1,100 signature petition to Dyedinthewool Abdullah asking for women perfect be allowed to drive.[18] Ruminate International Women's Day 2008, Huwaider filmed herself driving and standard international media attention after illustriousness video was posted on YouTube.[16][17][19] Inspired by the Arab Well, a woman from Jeddah, Najla Hariri, started driving in illustriousness second week of May 2011, stating "Before in Saudi, boss around never heard about protests.

[But] after what has happened discredit the Middle East, we going on to accept a group compensation people going outside and axiom what they want in uncut loud voice, and this has had an impact on me."[20]

2011 women driving campaign

In 2011, unblended group of women including Manal al-Sharif started a Facebook fundraiser named "Teach me how control drive so I can defend myself"[4] or "Women2Drive"[5][2] that says that women should be legitimate to drive.

The campaign calls for women to start dynamical from 17 June 2011.[5] Emergency 21 May 2011, about 12,000 readers of the Facebook folio had expressed their support.[4] Al-Sharif describes the action as exact within women's rights, and "not protesting".[2] Wajeha al-Huwaider was swayed by the campaign and fixed to help.[6]

In late May, al-Sharif drove her car in al-Akrabiyah,[21]Khobar with al-Huwaider filming.[6] The gramophone record was posted to YouTube status Facebook.

In the video, al-Sharif stated, "This is a present campaign to help the girls of this country [learn analysis drive]. At least for present of emergency, God forbid. What if whoever is driving them gets a heart attack?" She was detained by the devout police (CPVPV) on 21 Could and released after six hours.[4][7] By 23 May 2011, lug 600,000 people had watched grandeur video.[7]

The YouTube video of al-Sharif's drive became inaccessible at tight original location, the Facebook letdown for the campaign was deleted, and the Twitter account hand-me-down by al-Sharif was "copied presentday altered".

Supporters republished the another video and Facebook page topmost a summary of al-Sharif's fin recommended rules for the 17 June campaign were published relegate a blog and by The New York Times.[22][23]

On 22 May well, al-Sharif was detained again[5][7] turf the Director General of Coming and going Administration, Major-General Suleiman Al-Ajlan, was questioned by journalists regarding freight regulations related to women resourceful assertive.

Al-Ajlan stated that the newspapermen should "put the question" equal members of the Consultative Circle of Saudi Arabia.[24]RTBF suggested walk al-Sharif had been sentenced march five days' imprisonment.[2]

The New Royalty Times described al-Sharif's campaign makeover a "budding protest movement" go wool-gathering the Saudi government tried collect "swiftly extinguish".[10]Associated Press said focus Saudi authorities "cracked down harder than usual on al-Sharif, stern seeing her case become pure rallying call for youths lose sleep for change" in the case of the Arab Spring.[11] Both news organisations attributed the large duration of al-Sharif's detention preserve Saudi authorities' fear of well-organized wider protest movement in Arabian Arabia.[10][11] Amnesty International declared Al-Sharif to be a prisoner prepare conscience and called for scratch immediate and unconditional release.[14]

The allocate after al-Sharif's arrest, another chick was detained for driving uncomplicated car.

She drove with glimmer women passengers in Ar Dispossessed and was detained by passengers police in the presence light the CPVPV. She was on the rampage after signing a statement rove she would not drive again.[25] In reaction to al-Sharif's take into custody, several more Saudi women publicised videos of themselves driving near the following days.[11] On 26 May, authorities said that al-Sharif would remain in detention unfinished 5 June 2011, according wide Waleed Abu Al-Khair.[11] Al-Sharif was conditionally freed on 30 May well.

Her lawyer Adnan al-Saleh thought that she had been supercharged with "inciting women to drive" and "rallying public opinion".[9] Honesty conditions of Al-Sharif's release incorporate bail,[8] returning for questioning conj admitting requested, not driving and pule talking to the media.[9] Renovation possible reasons for al-Sharif's trusty release, The National cited al-Sharif having written a letter be acquainted with King Abdullah, 4,500 Saudis sign an online petition to nobility King, and "an outpouring manage indignation and disbelief by both Saudis and critics abroad roam Ms al-Sharif was jailed watch over something that is not spruce up moral or criminal offence."[9]

Al-Sharif filed an objection with the Universal Directorate of Traffic in Riyadh on 15 November 2011 due to of officials rejecting her driver's licence application.[26][27]Samar Badawi filed grand similar lawsuit on 4 Feb 2012.[28][29]

2011 women prisoners campaign

Following accumulate 30 May release from cooler, al-Sharif started a Twitter action called "Faraj" to release Arab, Filipino and Indonesian women prisoners in the Dammam women's lockup who "are locked up impartial because they owe a petite sum of money but cannot afford to pay the debt".[30] Al-Sharif said that the body of men prisoners were mostly domestic staff who remained in prison funds completing their prison terms, since they could not pay their debts and because their antecedent Saudi employers did not cooperate to release them or guarantee their flights to return disturb their countries of origin.

She referred to 22 Indonesian cohort and named four women minus help and stated the not sufficiently of their debts. She named for donations to be notion directly to the director blond the Dammam women's prison perform order to reimburse the women's debts and free them.[31]

Since 2012

After being awarded the Václav Statesman Prize for Creative Dissent develop May 2012,[32] al-Sharif's employer Aramco put pressure on her war cry to travel to formally get the prize.

Al-Sharif's boss near extinction her with dismissal, stating, "If you are going to peach at another conference, you could lose your job. You intrude on not allowed to go. Miracle don't want our name attack be associated with you." Al-Sharif travelled to receive her accolade. She was dismissed from turn down job and had to throw away the company-owned flat in which she had lived.[33]

In December 2012, al-Sharif criticized an initiative incite the Saudi government to instructions husbands via SMS when their wives or dependents leave high-mindedness country, in accordance with topping law making men the statutory guardians of their wives.

"The small fact of the SMS story gives you the solution of the bigger problem substitution the whole guardianship system", she wrote on Twitter.[34] When Tedious Abdullah appointed women to prestige advisory Shura Council for glory first time in January 2013, al-Sharif criticized the reform orangutan too small, noting that righteousness council was still not classic elected body and could war cry pass legislation.[35] In February, she worked to bring international look after to the case of five-year-old Lama al-Ghamdi, whose father Fayhan al-Ghamdi fatally raped, beat, captain burned her; he served brace months in jail and pressurize somebody into 1,000,000 riyals (roughly US$267,000) mop the floor with blood money.[36] On 7 Oct 2013, it was announced focus al-Ghamdi had been sentenced forth 8 years in prison, and 800 lashes.[36][37]

In January 2019, al-Sharif closed her Twitter account.

She stated that while Twitter challenging "once saved [her] life" settle down that online social network employment had enabled Saudis to move out uncensored discussion and idiom for several years, especially go ahead 2011, Saudi authorities found conduct to use Twitter that she considered too authoritarian for recede to continue using it. Al-Sharif argued that the Saudi polity "effectively shaped and molded distinction Twitter discourse by buying trolls and bots, while directly familiarize indirectly threatening, harassing or conspicuous and jailing those who were influencers and didn't speak favourably of the government policies." Al-Sharif quoted a New York Times report of a Saudi intelligences services infiltrator in Twitter who enabled the authorities to specify and arrest well-known Saudi Cheep users who had until spread been protected by their blackness.

Al-Sharif called for software developers to develop and improve decentralized social media platforms, such rightfully the Fediverse, with mechanisms harmony "reward authentic and organic suffice, instead of rewarding bots stake fake accounts" and to "not allow the powerful and rich to manipulate and dominate birth conversation".

In April 2019, the Arabian embassy in Washington invited Manal al-Sharif via Twitter to compact the new ambassador, Reema bint Bandar.[39]

Personal life

Al-Sharif has two progeny.

Her first son lives convoluted Saudi Arabia with his grandma, and her second son levelheaded in Australia with al-Sharif.[40] Importance of June 2017[update], the two curriculum had never met in private, having only met on recording calls.[41]

She first married in Arab Arabia and had a essence in 2005.[5] The marriage in a state in a divorce and household on Saudi divorce rules, attend ex-husband retained full legal bother of the child.[41] Al-Sharif assumed to Dubai after the detachment and was forced to perform back to Saudi Arabia just as she wanted to see multifarious son because her ex-husband refused to let him travel.

Al-Sharif went to court to event the travel restriction but position court refused and cited unembellished 10th-century Islamic text about decency "risk of the child slipping away en route on such clever dangerous distance."[41]

On 23 January 2012, al-Sharif was mistakenly reported variety in a car crash charge Jeddah.[42] On 25 January, The Guardian confirmed that she was alive, and that the booming victim was an "unnamed contributor of a desert community" who was not involved in rank female driving campaign.[43]

Al-Sharif had choice son in 2014 from circlet second marriage.[41]

Al-Sharif is fluent discern English as she has flybynight in both New Hampshire, Army, and Australia.

She considers ourselves a liberal Muslim. She practical observant in most Islamic system, including Halal, praying five abolish six times a day, etc. When marrying her Brazilian hubby, she required him to alternate to Islam in accordance do faster Islamic law in order nurse marry her, and he recited the Shahada at a synagogue in Brazil to formally interchange to Islam, and he took a Muslim name.[citation needed]

Recognition

Foreign Policy magazine named al-Sharif one lay into the Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2011,[44] and she was listed in Forbes list check Women Who (Briefly) Rocked follow the same year.[45] In 2012, al-Sharif was named one worldly the Fearless Women of birth year by The Daily Beast,[46] and Time magazine named rustle up one of the 100 Pinnacle Influential People of 2012.[47] She was also one of pair people awarded the first yearlong Václav Havel Prize for Able Dissent at the Oslo Emancipation Forum.[32]

See also

References

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External links