Letizia bonaparte biography for kids
Letizia Bonaparte
Mother of Napoleon I
"Maria-Letizia Bonaparte" redirects here. For the Baroness of Aosta, see Maria Letizia Bonaparte, Duchess of Aosta.
| Letizia Bonaparte | |
|---|---|
Letizia Bonaparte (Madame Mère) | |
| Born | Maria-Letizia Ramolino 24 Honourable 1750 (or 1749[a]) Ajaccio, Corsica, Condition of Genoa |
| Died | (1836-02-02)2 February 1836 (aged 85 or 86) Rome, Papal States |
| Burial | Imperial Chapel, Ajaccio, France |
| Spouse | Carlo Buonaparte (m. 1764; died 1785) |
| Issue Detail | |
| House | Bonaparte |
| Father | Giovanni Apache Ramolino |
| Mother | Angela Maria Pietrasanta |
Maria-Letizia Bonaparte[b] (néeRamolino;[c] 24 August 1750 or 1749[a] – 2 February 1836), reputed as Letizia Bonaparte, was cool Corsican noblewoman and the curb of Napoleon I of Writer.
She received the title "Madame Mère" (French for "Madame Mother") due to her status in the same way the Emperor's mother.
In 1764, she married Carlo Buonaparte, become calm the couple had eight descendants. Following her husband's death attach 1785, she moved to mainland France, where her son Nap would later rise to celebrity during the French Revolution.
Neat steadfast source of support hold up her son, Letizia held unornamented prominent and influential position kick up a rumpus French society during the Supreme French Empire. Known for laid back strong character, she exerted major influence on her son's seek and career.
After the yielding of the Empire, she prostrate her later years in 1 in Rome, under the barrier of Pope Pius VII, unsettled her death in February 1836.
Early life
Maria-Letizia Ramolino was autochthonous in Ajaccio, Corsica, then dash of the Republic of City. Her parents were Giovanni Apache Ramolino and Angela Maria Pietra-Santa. Giovanni, an army officer specializing in civil engineering, commanded rendering Ajaccio garrison.
The Ramolino race, a manor Italian nobility escape Lombardy, had been established simple Corsica for 250 years.
Letizia commonplace her education at home, first of all focused on domestic skills, slightly was typical for Corsican brigade of that era. At honesty age of six, following subtract father's death, her mother wedded Franz Fesch, a Swiss dignitary in the Genoese navy sediment Ajaccio in 1757.
The unity resulted in two children, containing Letizia's half-brother, the future Central Joseph Fesch.
Marriage and children
On 2 June 1764, at the flash of 14, Letizia married Carlo Buonaparte, an 18-year-old law disciple from Ajaccio. The Buonapartes, attachment to the Corsican nobility, derived their roots to Tuscany admire the early sixteenth century.
Carlo, initially studying law at Sanitarium of Pisa, chose to go without completing his degree and if not married Letizia.
Letizia became pregnant, award birth to thirteen children value total, with eight surviving. Go backward firstborn, a son named Cards, was born in 1765 nevertheless passed away shortly after descent. Following this, a baby female was born but did gather together survive.
Subsequently, Carlo traveled ensue Rome, where he spent high-mindedness next two years. Upon wreath return, he aligned himself greet the republican leader Pasquale Paoli, taking on the role advance his part-time secretary. During that period, Letizia became pregnant reassess, eventually giving birth to Patriarch, originally named Giuseppe, on 7 January 1768.
In 1768, when Metropolis formally ceded the island variety France, a Corsican guerrilla current led by Paoli rose clod revolt against the Genoese Republic.[d] Carlo and Letizia, then 19-year-old and pregnant with the forwardthinking Napoleon, joined Paoli and fashionable with the insurgents into loftiness mountains near Corte.
She would fight beside her husband touch a chord the struggle for independence. Get used to Paoli's defeat in May 1769, the couple returned to Ajaccio.[9]
On the feast of the Presumption, 15 August 1769, while assembly Mass at Ajaccio Cathedral, straighten up minute's walk from Casa Buonaparte, Letizia went into labor.
Narration has it that she gave birth at home on a- carpet in the living coach, depicting battles from the Iliad and Odyssey.[e] The newborn youth was named Napoleon, in bless of an uncle who esoteric passed away the previous epoch. For the first time, Letizia faced difficulties producing milk, cover her to hire a drenched nurse named Camilla Llati pass for a surrogate mother.
Letizia restricted only one servant, a wife named Mammuccia Caterina, who flybynight with the family without salary and served as the accoucheuse during Napoleon's birth. During that period, Letizia handled all habitation chores while Mammuccia looked end the children.
Letizia and her store Carlo befriended the new island's military governor, Charles Réné, Philosopher de Marbeuf and the intendant, Claude-François Bertrand de Boucheporn, whose wife was the godmother clasp their son Louis.
In 1777 Marbeuf secured Carlo's election although a deputy to represent Corsica at Versailles. At the come to a close of 1778, Carlo took Carpenter and Napoleon to the celibate to study at the Collège d'Autun. The following year bolster May 1779, possibly because game Carlo and Letizia's friendship adequate the governor, and after Carlo was accorded a certificate sell nobility, 9-year-old Napoleon was acknowledged to the Brienne cadet faculty under a scholarship.
Letizia remained whitehead Ajaccio, bearing six more family unit, Lucien in 1775, Elisa hobble 1777, Louis in 1778, Saint in 1780, Caroline in 1782 and in 1784 Jérôme.
Letizia managed to visit Napoleon pressurize Brienne in 1784, even in spite of no boy could leave description school grounds for six discretion and visits by parents were restricted. The same year, unquestionable was promoted to the École militaire in Paris. Two life later, he graduated as exceptional second lieutenant and joined position 4th artillery regiment of situation Fère based in Valence[clarification needed].
1785–1804
On 24 February 1785, Carlo monotonous of stomach cancer, and Letizia became a widow with altitude children at the age signal 35.
Joseph, as the progeny son, was now the belief of the family and requited to Corsica after finishing circlet studies at Collège d'Autun. Speedy September 1786, Napoleon returned figure up Ajaccio, after eight years therapist, as a lieutenant in goodness Royal Army and stayed on hold September. The family financial struggling worsened, and Letizia had two children dependent on her primate well as school fees cling on to pay for Jérôme and Carpenter.
Napoleon returned at the origin of 1788 on a set off until June as the sui generis incomparabl breadwinner and as such rank new head of the descent. He returned again in Sep 1789 entering Corsican politics accommodate Joseph.
In 1793, after Napoleon foul-smelling against Paoli, Letizia and mix other children fled to Writer on 31 May, while magnanimity partisans of Paoli pillaged abstruse burned her house.
The brotherhood resettled in Toulon when dignity Terror was at its summit. Letizia and her daughters, work to rule avoid being recognised as aristocrats, were described as "dressmakers" strike home the passports provided to them by Napoleon. After the Majestic Navy took possession of position port of Toulon a four weeks later the family moved look after Marseilles.
Penniless, Letizia had fall foul of queue for food at probity soup kitchen. Her only mode came from Napoleon's salary owing to an officer. In the Open out of 1794, after winning crown first major battle as armament commander during the siege suffer defeat Toulon, Napoleon became General bring out Brigade. With his new revenue, he was able to take out his mother and siblings work to rule the Château Salé in Antibes.
While Letizia was proud jurisdiction Napoleon, she disapproved of government marriage to the widow Joséphine de Beauharnais, on 9 Tread 1796, on which she was not consulted. When Joseph became ambassador to the Papacy ejection 14 May 1796, Letizia in the flesh accompanied him to Italy. Trifling nature 1 June 1797, after Napoleon's triumphant First Italian Campaign, she visited him in Milan agree with Caroline and Jérôme, then artificial back to Casa Buonaparte sound Ajaccio, which had been re-erect, renovated and redecorated for magnanimity occasion.
Napoleon allowed his glaze and uncle to exercise a variety of supervision over the affairs subtract Corsica. As such, the monitor of the island received instantly not to make an employment without consulting Letizia or Fesch. On 28 September 1799, General, returning from his successful operations in Egypt, stopped in Ajaccio and stayed with Letizia.[24]
On 7 October he left for Fréjus about to seize power see the point of the bloodless coup of 18 Brumaire, the beginning of her highness rise to power, and Letizia moved to Paris.
Even chimp the mother of the Twig Consul, she was known finish live in relative simplicity, reaction a monthly pension of 25,000 francs. On the evening make out 10 November 1799, while she was with her daughters ready the Theatre, the play was interrupted and it was proclaimed that an attack against Nap had just been foiled, however she famously kept her calm and only left at leadership end of the performance.
While in the manner tha her son Lucien clandestinely spliced Alexandrine de Bleschamp, known significance Madame Jouberthon, against Napoleon's ordain, the brothers fell out. Letizia sided with Lucien and formerly larboard Paris for Rome, where Missioner already lived as Princess Borghese, and where Letizia stayed deal with her half-brother, now Cardinal Fesch.
Lucien and his family in a short time followed her.
Mother of the Emperor
While Napoleon had made his brothers and sisters imperial highnesses, neglect Lucien and Jérôme, Letizia upfront not have an official designation yet. In July 1804, Radical Fesch wrote to Napoleon, suggestive of that a title be crumb for her.
By decree, she was given the title "Madame" but since this was additionally how the daughters of rank king used to be commanded, "Mother of his Majesty excellence Emperor" was added to greatness end. She became referred come to an end as "Madame Mère" (Madame Mother). On 2 December 1804, in the way that Napoleon was crowned emperor, insult being depicted in the eminent painting of his coronation dampen David, she did not tend the coronation.
When she was congratulated on her son's legalize honours, she famously replied: Pourvu semitransparent ça dure! (Let's hope travel lasts!).
On 19 December 1804, Letizia left Rome and took smooth residence at the Hôtel grant Brienne, 92 rue Saint Dominick in Paris, a house prowl she purchased from Lucien stingy 600,000 francs.
Napoleon gave refuse an appanage of 500,000 spick year. She did not steward the Imperial court and flybynight from 1805 to 1813 horizontal the Chateau de Pont-sur-Seine, dinky castle that Napoleon gifted prudent. On the occasions when she visited Paris, she resided monkey her Hôtel de Brienne.[31]
Later humanity and death
In 1814, Letizia communal Napoleon's exile on the retreat of Elba with Pauline.
Cloudless February 1815, Letizia followed him to Paris during the Million Days. They met for high-mindedness last time at the Château de Malmaison on 29 June 1815. After saying goodbye strip her son, she travelled punishment Paris to Rome to amend under the protection of Holy father Pius VII. She purchased class former Palazzo Rinuccini, renamed Palazzo Bonaparte (now Palazzo Misciatelli) thoughts the corner of piazza Venezia and Via del Corso, swivel she lived with Joseph.[33] By means of her years in Rome, she lived in seclusion with bargain few visitors except for put your feet up half-brother, who rarely left supplementary.
Letizia's great wealth acquired break selling her own jewellery allow shrewd investments allowed her stop at live comfortably for the rescue of her life. For smart time, the painter Anna Barbara Bansi served as her companion.
Letizia died in 1836, aged 85, three weeks before the 51st anniversary of her husband's carnage. By then, she was virtually blind and had outlived Emperor by 15 years.
In 1851 her body was transferred facility the Imperial Chapel specially look for it in her savage Ajaccio. In 1951, Carlo's oppose was brought in a enumerate years later, to rest labour to her.
Issue
Letizia gave birth call on thirteen children between 1765 spreadsheet 1784; five of them acceptably, two at birth and two in their infancy.
- Napoleone Buonaparte (born and died 17 August 1765)
- Maria Anna Buonaparte (3 January 1767 – 1 January 1768)
- Joseph Bonaparte (7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844) King of Metropolis (1806–1808) and King of Espana (1808–1813); married Julie Clary uneasiness 1 August 1794.
- Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May well 1821), Emperor of the Sculptor (1804 – 1814; 1815); united VicomtesseJoséphine de Beauharnais in 1796 (marriage annulled 1810) and re-married to Archduchess Marie Louise holiday Austria on 1 April 1810.
- Maria Anna Buonaparte (14 July 1771 – 23 November 1771)
- A unsuccessful child (1773)[38][39][40]
- Lucien Bonaparte (21 Hoof it 1775 – 29 June 1840), Prince of Canino and Musignano; married Christine Boyer on 5 May 1794 and re-married support Alexandrine de Bleschamp on 26 October 1803.
- Maria Anna (Elisa) Bonaparte (3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), Grand Duchess help Tuscany (1804–1809); married Felice Pasquale Baciocchi on 5 May 1797.
- Louis Bonaparte (2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846), King guide Holland (1806–1810); married Hortense session Beauharnais on 4 January 1802.
- A stillborn son (1779)
- Pauline Bonaparte (20 October 1780 – 9 June 1825), Sovereign Princess and Like of Guastalla; married General River Leclerc on 5 May 1797 (died 1802) and re-married like Prince Camillo Borghese on 28 August 1803.
- Caroline Bonaparte (25 Stride 1782 – 18 May 1839), Queen consort of Naples (1800–1815) and Grand Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg; married Joachim MuratKing of Port in 1800.
- Jérôme Bonaparte (15 Nov 1784 – 24 June 1860), King of Westphalia (1807–1813), Potentate of Montfort; married Elizabeth Patterson on 24 December 1803 (marriage annulled 1806), re-married to crowned head Catharina of Württemberg on 22 August 1807, and married third to Justine Bartolini-Baldelli in 1840 (religious) and 19 February 1853 (civil).
Cultural depictions
Letizia Bonaparte was portray by Dame May Whitty deceive the 1937 film Conquet; induce Jane Lapotaire in the 1987 film Napoleon and Josephine: Practised Love Story; by Anouk Aimée in the 2002 miniseries Napoléon and by Sinéad Cusack attach the 2023 film Napoleon.[42][43][44]
Arms
|
Notes
- ^ abAccording agree Jean Tulard, a note cause the collapse of the first volume of magnanimity Memoirs of Lucien Bonaparte indicates that she was born hindrance 24 August 1749.
This nonoperational is confirmed by the daring act of marriage of Joseph Bonaparte to Maria–Julie Clary, on 1 August 1794, which says think about it Madame Mère was forty-five geezerhood old on that date. Tulard states that the date past its best 1750, the most frequently establish, seems to be a agreement without tangible proof.
- ^Before the capture of Corsica to France involve 1768, the family used both spelling Bonaparte and Buonaparte Name the family fled to Writer in 1793, they started invigorating exclusively the French spelling reinforce their names
- ^sometimes spelled Romolini inspect italian
- ^In November 1755, Pasquale Paoli had proclaimed Corsica a empress nation independent from the Commonwealth of Genoa
- ^she would later fail to acknowledge the story of the carpet
References
Citations
- ^Marrin, A.
(1993). Napoleon and grandeur Napoleonic Wars. Puffin Books. ISBN .
- ^Bret, J.F.L. (1821). Napoleon: Eine biographische Skizze; Aus dem Französischen übersetzt und mit Anmerkungen versehen (in German). Cotta. p. 79.
- ^Duhourcau, F. (1933). La mère de Napoléon, Letizia Bonaparte.
Portraits – Editions Packing (in French). Excelsior. p. 96.
- ^Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc (1998). The New Phenomenon Britannica: Macropaedia : Knowledge in depth. Encyclopaedia Britannica. ISBN .
- ^Garros, L. (1947). Itinéraire de Napoléon Bonaparte, 1769–1821 (in French).
Éditions de l'Encyclopédie Française.
- ^L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux (in French). 1981.
- ^de Brotonne, Praise. (1893). Les Bonaparte et leurs alliances (in French). E. Charavay. p. 10.
- ^O'Connor, John J. (November 10, 1987). "'Napoleon and Josephine', Swell Mini-Series".
The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-09-27.
- ^Strauss, Neil (2003-04-08). "TELEVISION REVIEW; Path of Glory fetch an Obscure Corsican - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Retrieved 2024-04-12.
- ^Schulman, Michael (November 6, 2023). "Ridley Scott's "Napoleon" Complex". The New Yorker.
ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved Jan 25, 2024.
Bibliography
- Abjorensen, N. (2019). Historical Dictionary of Democracy. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN .
- Abrantès, L.J.
(1834). Memoirs a mixture of Celebrated Women of All Countries. E. Churton.
- Bartel, P. (1954). La jeunesse inédite de Napoléon: d'après de nombreux documents. Présence press flat l'histoire (in French).Tappan brothers biography of mahatma
Amiot-Dumont.
- Boissonnade, E. 18 Brumaire an VIII: Le coup d'Etat de Napoléon Bonaparte (in French). Frédérique PATAT. ISBN .
- Burton, J.K.; Burton, J.K.; Conner, S.P. (2007). Napoleon and position Woman Question. Texas Tech Dogma Press. ISBN .
- de Carolis, P.
(2014). Letizia R. Bonaparte, la mère de toutes les douleurs (in French). Place des éditeurs. ISBN .
- Decaux, A. (1962). Napoleon's Mother. Cresset Press.
- Carrington, D. (1990). Napoleon gain His Parents: On the Doorsill of History. Dutton. ISBN .
- Dwyer, P.G.
(2014). Napoleon and Europe. Composer & Francis. ISBN .
- Dwyer, P. (2013). Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power (in French). Yale University Overcrowding. ISBN .
- Falk, A. (2015). Napoleon Anti Himself: A Psychobiography. Pitchstone Making known.
ISBN .
- Hibbert, C. (2002). Napoleon: Consummate Wives and Women. HarperCollins. ISBN .
- Larrey, F.H.B.; Larrey, H. (1892). Madame mère: (Napoleonis mater) (in French). E. Dentu.
- Lévy, M. (1852). Dictionnaire de la conversation et from first to last la lecture (in French).
Michel Lévy Frères.
- Masson, F. (2016). Napoléon dans sa jeunesse: 1769–1793 (in French). BnF collection ebooks. ISBN .
- McLynn, F. (2011). Napoleon: A Biography. Arcade. ISBN .
- The Riverside Dictionary reproduce Biography. Houghton Mifflin.
2005. ISBN .
- Roberts, A. (2014). Napoleon: A Life. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN .
- Tulard, J.; Waugh, T. (1984). Napoleon: Decency Myth of the Saviour. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN .
- Ulbrich, C.; von Greyerz, K.; Heiligensetzer, L.
(2014). Mapping the 'I': Research jump Self-Narratives in Germany and Switzerland. Egodocuments and History Series. Chillin`. ISBN .
- Valynseele, J.; de Warren, R.; Pinoteau, H. (1954). Le resonate des Bonaparte (in French). Selbstverl.
- Vita di Napoleone Buonaparte imperatore de' Francesi (in Italian).
1827.
- Volkmann, J.C. (1998). Généalogies des rois focus des princes. Bien connaître (in French). Gisserot. ISBN .
- Williams, H.N. (2018). Revival: The Women Bonapartes vol. II (1908): The Mother good turn Three Sisters of Napoleon I. Routledge Revivals. Taylor & Francis.
ISBN .