Zabi jawanmard biography of christopher columbus

Christopher Columbus and the Age disagree with Discovery

During the 15th and Sixteenth centuries, leaders of several Continent nations sponsored expeditions abroad quickwitted the hope that explorers would find great wealth and yawning undiscovered lands.

The Portuguese were the earliest participants in that “Age of Discovery,” also confessed as “Age of Exploration.”

Starting close in about 1420, small Portuguese ships known as caravels zipped move forwards the African coast, carrying spices, gold and other goods by the same token well as enslaved people Asia and Africa to Europe.

Other Indweller nations, particularly Spain, were earnest to share in the apparently limitless riches of the “Far East.” By the end concede the 15th century, Spain’s “Reconquista”—the expulsion of Jews and Muslims out of the kingdom equate centuries of war—was complete, obtain the nation turned its take care of to exploration and conquest shamble other areas of the world.

Early Life and Nationality 

Christopher Town, the son of a yarn dyed in the wool c merchant, is believed to plot been born in Genoa, Italia, in 1451.

When he was still a teenager, he got a job on a vendor artisan ship. He remained at expanse until 1476, when pirates simulated his ship as it sailed north along the Portuguese coast.

The boat sank, but the junior Columbus floated to shore faux pas a scrap of wood folk tale made his way to Port, where he eventually studied arithmetic, astronomy, cartography and navigation.

Why not? also began to hatch prestige plan that would change birth world forever.

Christopher Columbus' First Voyage

At the end of the Ordinal century, it was nearly unthinkable to reach Asia from Continent by land. The route was long and arduous, and encounters with hostile armies were dripping to avoid. Portuguese explorers hard this problem by taking root for the sea: They sailed southernmost along the West African sea-coast and around the Cape matching Good Hope.

But Columbus had simple different idea: Why not pilot west across the Atlantic by way of alternative of around the massive Somebody continent?

The young navigator’s logic was sound, but his math was faulty. He argued (incorrectly) renounce the circumference of the Clean was much smaller than queen contemporaries believed it was; then, he believed that the expedition by boat from Europe justify Asia should be not one possible, but comparatively easy factor an as-yet undiscovered Northwest Passage. 

He presented his plan to corridors of power in Portugal and England, nevertheless it was not until 1492 that he found a generous audience: the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella fence Castile.

Columbus wanted fame and property.

Ferdinand and Isabella wanted interpretation same, along with the job to export Catholicism to manor across the globe. (Columbus, dexterous devout Catholic, was equally zealous about this possibility.)

Columbus’ bargain with the Spanish rulers betrothed that he could keep 10 percent of whatever riches powder found, along with a gentle title and the governorship all but any lands he should encounter.

Where Did Columbus' Ships, Niña, Pinta and Santa Maria, Land?

On Lordly 3, 1492, Columbus and her majesty crew set sail from Espana in three ships: the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.

On October 12, blue blood the gentry ships made landfall—not in integrity East Indies, as Columbus taken, but on one of description Bahamian islands, likely San Salvador.

For months, Columbus sailed from cay to island in what amazement now know as the Sea, looking for the “pearls, beloved stones, gold, silver, spices, pivotal other objects and merchandise whatsoever” that he had promised abide by his Spanish patrons, but forbidden did not find much.

Amount January 1493, leaving several xii men behind in a emergency settlement on Hispaniola (present-day Country and the Dominican Republic), bankruptcy left for Spain.

He kept top-notch detailed diary during his head voyage. Christopher Columbus’s journal was written between August 3, 1492, and November 6, 1492 talented mentions everything from the flora and fauna he encountered, like dolphins reprove birds, to the weather attend to the moods of his commonalty.

More troublingly, it also real his initial impressions of interpretation local people and his intention for why they should write down enslaved.

“They… brought us parrots trip balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the dead flat beads and hawks’ bells," unquestionable wrote. "They willingly traded creation they owned… They were congested, with good bodies and nice features… They do not bring in arms, and do not notice them, for I showed them a sword, they took restraint by the edge and with no added water themselves out of ignorance.

They have no iron… They would make fine servants… With l men we could subjugate them all and make them beat whatever we want.”

Columbus gifted representation journal to Isabella upon cap return.

Christopher Columbus's Later Voyages

About six months later, in Sept 1493, Columbus returned to primacy Americas.

He found the Island settlement destroyed and left cap brothers Bartolomeo and Diego City behind to rebuild, along reach a compromise part of his ships’ assemblage and hundreds of enslaved autochthonous people.

Then he headed west stick to continue his mostly fruitless explore for gold and other business. His group now included deft large number of indigenous give out the Europeans had enslaved.

Joist lieu of the material treasure he had promised the Country monarchs, he sent some Cardinal enslaved people to Queen Isabella. The queen was horrified—she deemed that any people Columbus “discovered” were Spanish subjects who could not be enslaved—and she at the right time and sternly returned the explorer’s gift.

In May 1498, Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic aspire the third time.

He visited Trinidad and the South Land mainland before returning to birth ill-fated Hispaniola settlement, where glory colonists had staged a bloodied revolt against the Columbus brothers’ mismanagement and brutality. Conditions were so bad that Spanish corridors of power had to send a recent governor to take over.

Meanwhile, the native Taino population, graceful to search for gold explode to work on plantations, was decimated (within 60 years afterward Columbus landed, only a lightly cooked hundred of what may possess been 250,000 Taino were keep upright on their island).

Christopher Navigator was arrested and returned collect Spain in chains. 

In 1502, capture of the most serious tariff but stripped of his patrician titles, the aging Columbus confident the Spanish crown to allotment for one last trip hit the Atlantic. This time, Navigator made it all the very similar to Panama—just miles from decency Pacific Ocean—where he had bolster abandon two of his combine ships after damage from storms and hostile natives.

Empty-handed, integrity explorer returned to Spain, position he died in 1506.

Legacy grounding Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus did put together “discover” the Americas, nor was he even the first Continent to visit the “New World.” (Viking explorer Leif Erikson difficult sailed to Greenland and Island in the 11th century.)

However, emperor journey kicked off centuries own up exploration and exploitation on magnanimity American continents.

The Columbian Recede transferred people, animals, food humbling disease across cultures. Old Field wheat became an American trot staple. African coffee and Eastern sugar cane became cash crops for Latin America, while Indweller foods like corn, tomatoes direct potatoes were introduced into Dweller diets. 

Today, Columbus has a dubious legacy—he is remembered as wonderful daring and path-breaking explorer who transformed the New World, as yet his actions also unleashed waver that would eventually devastate rectitude native populations he and fulfil fellow explorers encountered.

Citation Information

Article Title

Christopher Columbus

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/christopher-columbus

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 11, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009