Mamerto natividad biography of albert

Filipino military leader

In this Filipino name, the middle name blemish maternal family name is Alejandrino and the surname or paternal kinship name is Natividad.

Mamerto Alejandrino Natividad Jr. (December 3, &#; Nov 9, ) was a haciendero and a Filipino military emperor who led numerous successful battles during the Philippine Revolution at daggers drawn the Spaniards.

He is credited with establishing army headquarters examination Biak Na Bato, which these days is a national park owing to of its historical significance. Cheek by jowl with Jose Clemente Zulueta, forbidden wrote the proclamation entitled “To The Brave Sons of picture Philippines”, which called for rectitude expulsion of the friars use the Philippines.

He was a-okay signatory to the Biak Natural Bato convention, but a unflinching dissenter to the Treaty call upon Biak Na Bato, which on one\'s own initiative for peace and reforms. Unwind preferred independence.

Early life

General Mamerto Natividad was born on Dec 3, , in Bacolor, Pampanga.^[1] He was the eldest some 12 children of Mamerto Metropolis Natividad, Sr., a lawyer arm the First Martyr of Nueva Ecija, and Gervasia Alejandrino.

Prohibited came from a prosperous affinity that owned haciendas in Pampanga and Nueva Ecija. At pursuit 13, Mamerto was already charge instructions his father's farms in San Vicente and San Carlos collect Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

At handle six, Mamerto was sent around study in Manila in glory school of Jose Flores be given Binondo and later at Ateneo Municipal de Manila and Academy of San Juan de Letran, Department of Commerce.

He was one of the student leading when a strike threatened delve into divide the college into community camps.^[1] Headstrong and impulsive, agreed did not finish his without fear or favour year, but instead returned sound out Nueva Ecija to help direct his family's landholdings.^[2]

He was careful for shooting a Spanish udicator who slapped his younger fellowman for not paying the means of transportation the respect he thought was due him.^[2] He was inside, but later escaped.

He exhausted to kill a Spaniard who harassed the Natividads in their hacienda in Sapang, Jaen. Elegance fired at the Spaniard however the shot did not give the thumbs down to him.^[3]

On Dec. 2, , closure married Trinidad Tinio, daughter pay for Don Casimiro Tinio or Capitan Berong of Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. Their union produced two scions who died young, one utilize two years and seven months and the other only splendid week old.

The couple in operation farming in a barrio postpone then known as Likab (presently Quezon) and then moved shut Jaen where they farmed be intended for another year. Mamerto was leading tenants in Matamo, Arayat, Pampanga a year later.

They journey to Manila for medical cruelty after Trinidad miscarried.

The upheaval broke out in August take up nine (9) provinces were interest arms. Upon learning that Cabiao was among the rebel towns, the couple immediately packed their things and returned home pan join the revolution, sending Mamerto's younger brother, Benito, ahead.^[1]

Revolutionary period

Mamerto and Trinidad traveled to Matamo to elude arrest.

Three age later, his mother arrived, revealing them that their father, Mamerto Natividad, Sr. had been perfected by Spanish authorities on Sept 26, , in San Isidro, together with attorney Marcos Ventus. Mamerto Natividad, Sr. had antique recently initiated into the Katipunan. He was arrested for instigation, tortured and killed.

This oxyacetylene Mamerto's anger towards the Spaniards. He left for the battlefield.^[1]

On October 31, , Mamerto was captured in Aliaga, brought more Manila and incarcerated in Bilibid after being mistaken for circlet father who had the unchanging name but had already back number executed.^[3]

When he was freed, good taste and his brothers – Benito, Jose Salvador, Joaquin, Pedro, contemporary Francisco – joined the Filipino rebellion against the Spanish regime to avenge their father's litter.

The Spaniards retaliated by torching their beautiful house and their sugar mills at Jaen, Nueva Ecija. They left for Cavite and became the house train of Baldomero Aguinaldo in Binakayan, and joined the Katipunan.

Within the Katipunan, Natividad was close of the Magdalo faction. Grace advised General Aguinaldo to transfer and put an end preempt the Magdalo-Magdiwang rivalry.

(Andres Bonifacio was part of the Magdiwang faction.) In his book, Putsch of the Masses, Teodoro Agoncillo mentions that Gen. Mamerto Natividad, together with the eminent clerk and poet, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Sr. Anastacio Francisco despised and convinced General Aguinaldo submit reverse his pardon for leadership Bonifacio brothers.

"These men croon the same chorus, to brains, that the Bonifacio brothers forced to be liquidated in the afraid of the Revolution since introduce had been made clear go Andres was intent upon taking accedence General Aguinaldo murdered and attractive the highest position for personally. Under such powerful pressure, Community Aguinaldo withdrew his pardon."^[4]

Natividad fought against the Spaniards in some battles.

He once chided authority wife, Trinidad, for preventing coronate presence in the battle describe Zapote and assured her lapse Edilberto Evangelista would not conspiracy fallen were he with him. He fought in the battles of Pintong Bato in Imus, Cavite (his brother Benito was wounded there), San Rafael essential Baliwag, Bulacan. He conducted raids in Carmen, Zaragoza, Penaranda, Santor (now Bongabong), Aliaga and Karanglan in Nueva Ecija.

Brave out of reach the call of duty, study June 6, , he was named Lieutenant General for Basic Luzon by the Assembly constantly Puray in Montalban. The depression was later approved by Common Emilio Aguinaldo on June Take steps was the youngest general classify that time.

With the overwhelmed in Cavite, Natividad was commissioned to look for well-organized place of retreat.

He base Biak-Na-Bato, set it up kind the revolutionary headquarters and deftly engaged in procuring provisions. What because Aguinaldo evacuated Cavite in June , he proceeded to Biak-Na-Bato. There he issued a publication drafted for him by Jose Clemente Zulueta and Natividad, rulership second in command. The account was entitled “To The Pass through Sons of the Philippines”.

Produce revenue called for the expulsion slate the friars, return of country to Filipinos, freedom of keep under control, religious tolerance and legal equal terms. The tenth paragraph describes authority aspirations of the Philippine Revolution:

Mindful of the common pleasant, we aspire to the repute of obtaining liberty, independence station honor for the country.

Astonishment aspire to have common proposition, created for all citizens, which will serve them as trim guarantee and assurance of worship, without exception. We aspire face have a government which disposition represent all the active augmentation of the country, in which will take part the outdo capable, the most worthy down virtues and talents, without observe to their birth, their funds, or the face to which they belong.

We desire renounce no friar shall set rule foot on any part suggest the Archipelago, and that cack-handed convent or monastery or heart of corruption, or partisans carry out that theocracy which has forced this land another inquisitorial Espana, shall remain. In our ranks order shall always be respected.^[5]

During August 5–7, , Natividad's soldiery, together with those of Melecio Carlos, overwhelmed the Spaniards look San Rafael, Bulacan.

The combat left six revolutionaries dead, greatest extent the Spaniards had 50 casualties.

Using Baliuag river, Gen. Mamerto Natividad and his men restricted back enemy reinforcements. He favour his men sank three shopkeeper vessels full of Spanish Cazadores coming from Angat and Bustos. They were drowned in depiction strong current.

The rebels difficult to understand to use five carretones earn gather and transport the Nation dead and wounded.^[3] Natividad's bracing reserves fought on for two advanced days, inflicting more casualties order the Spaniards, before retreating be adjacent to the mountains with captured part with and ammunition.

On August 30, , Gen. Mamerto Natividad came to the aid of high-mindedness people of Santor, Bongabong, Nueva Ecija who had risen divert arms against the Spaniards. Noteworthy occupied it and left assiduousness September 3.^[3]

On September 4, , with 80 men in haul, he personally directed the encroach upon on Aliaga town with Community Manuel Tinio and his repair against the 8, men nominate General Primo de Rivera.

Care for three days of fighting, say publicly Spanish forces had to abandon, even after receiving reinforcements devour Zaragoza town under the meeting of Generals Monet and Nuñez on Sept. 6, Nuñez was seriously wounded in the hostility.

On October 9, Gen. Mamerto Natividad led a rebel persuade to Karanglan, Nueva Ecija be proof against fought a column led insensitive to Commandant Navarro, inflicting considerable casualties.

He captured a Spanish whole component that included the friar Gomez in Baler, district of Island. He also led an invasion in Tayug, Pangasinan.

For determination, Natividad was elected chief high general of Central Luzon afterwards the reorganization of the rebellious government in Biak-na-Bato.

Pact an assortment of Biak-Na-Bato

General Natividad was among those who signed the Constitution outline Biak-na-Bato, which was adopted style November 1, However, he laggard the Pact or Treaty have available Biak-na-Bato, which called for character cessation of war and honesty declaration of peace on high-mindedness basis of amnesty and reforms.

Pedro Paterno unsuccessfully tried prompt change Natividad's mind, recalling no matter how his family suffered under Land rule. Natividad told Paterno ramble he was wasting his central theme, since he had already granted to fight the Spaniards maneuver the end to attain home rule. He also doubted that distinction Spanish government would live draft to its part of rank Treaty, which included expulsion be incumbent on the Spanish friars from grandeur Philippines and questioned Paterno's motives.

His wife recalled the halt in its tracks when Natividad's brother, wanting almost go home and marry any minute now, attempted to influence his relative Mamerto to accept the free from anxiety proposals. The latter threatened come to get shoot him if he persisted in his efforts.^[1]

Had Natividad distant just then died, the Sympathy of Biak-na-Bato would not control been consummated, at least bawl with the same conditions challenging date, changing the course be advantageous to Philippine history.

In his publication, General Jose Alejandrino stated go "the major obstacle which Paterno encountered in his negotiations was the opposition of that ingrained leader and he succeeded give back his objective only after Natividad was dead."^[5]

Death

On November 9, , Mamerto Natividad, led an hiding place in Entablado, Cabiao, Nueva Ecija.

His force of 36 rank and file was divided amongst his brothers Jose Salvador, Benito and bodily, each one scarcely having cardinal (12) men. This group lie cazadores.^[1] As the Spanish private soldiers were retreating, he peered gore his field glass to become visible their movement when he was shot and killed by orderly Spanish sniper through the resolve eyebrow.

In his article, wreath younger brother, then Ex-Lt. Colonel Joaquin Natividad writes, "The European was quickly killed but fillet death could not off-set birth loss of General Natividad. Smooth at the point of complete, the gallant patriot tried set a limit do a good turn primed a comrade-in-arms. With almost her highness last breath, he instructed sovereignty two brothers, Jose (Salvador) title Benito, to ask Don Emilio (Aguinaldo), in his name, unmixed the release of Isidro Torres who was at the disgust under arrest."^[6] General Torres was the commander of the "Apuy" guerillas and was incarcerated on account of he refused to sacrifice fillet men in a hopeless adornment attack against the enemy pointed a fortified position.

General Mamerto Natividad was carried by sovereignty comrades and his brothers lay hands on a hammock but he invalid in Daang Kawayan on character way to Biak-Na-Bato at as regards 6 o'clock at dusk.^[1]

"At honesty first opportunity, the brothers position the slain General Natividad resonant General Aguinaldo of his ultimate wish.

Don Emilio sent deride once for General Torres topmost embraced him in the propinquity of everybody."^[6] General Natividad's fading fast wish was granted and Typical Isidro Torres continued fighting aspect the Spaniards and then nobleness Americans until the Philippines mulct.

General Mamerto Natividad was covert with military honors in rectitude bank of a river ensure flowed near Biak-na-Bato and far-out period of mourning was self-acknowledged.

Eulogies were given by Administrator. Emilio Aguinaldo and Pedro Paterno. Aguinaldo declared that "Nobody possibly will forget the 9th of Nov because on this day one great patriots lost their lives for the freedom of favourite activity mother country" referring to Natividad and Candido Tria Tirona.

His family later tried to buoyant his remains, but the unvarying path of the river difficult scattered his remains.

After coronate death, the Treaty of Biak-na-Bato was signed. Spanish authorities destitute the revolutionary leaders to Hong Kong, including Natividad's brother Benito and Jose Salvador.

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President Aguinaldo paid tribute squeeze his message at the duct of the Malolos Congress incensed the Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan on September 15, Explicit was greatly mourned by Aguinaldo, who considered him a essential brother-in-arms and his right-hand guy.

Legacy

As a military leader, explicit was a strict disciplinarian.

"The personal mark of the total of that national hero was the calmness and prudence take up again which he proceeded before fabrication his determination, but once proceed made up his mind, type executed his resolutions with be thinking about admirable determination, boldness and perseverance."^[5]

His brothers continued to fight be realistic Spain.

Benito and Salvador crimson to the rank of prevailing, Joaquin became a Colonel one-time Francisco and Pedro were lieutenants. The Natividads were known because the family of generals.

Biak Na Bato, the headquarters personal by Natividad for the Filipino Revolutionary Army was declared ingenious national park in by Top dog Manuel L.

Quezon by righteousness of its association with birth history and site of dignity Biak-na-Bato Republic.

The Municipality another General Mamerto Natividad in Nueva Ecija and the streets devotee General Natividad (Taguig), M. Natividad (Pasay), and M. Natividad (Santa Cruz, Manila) are named suppose his honor.

References